100 Women: BBC's Initiative to Spotlight Women's Roles in the 21st Century

100 Women is an annual multi-format series launched by the BBC in 2013. The initiative aims to explore the diverse roles, challenges, and contributions of women in the 21st century. Comprising events, broadcasts, online reports, and debates, the series has become a global platform for discussing women's issues.

Formats and Locations

Multi-Format Approach

The 100 Women series employs a variety of formats to engage its audience. These include but are not limited to:

• Television and radio broadcasts
• Online articles and reports
• Social media discussions
• Live debates

Global Events

Though based in the United Kingdom, the series has crossed borders to include events in various international locations. Notable events have taken place in London and Mexico, offering a more diverse and global perspective on women's issues.

BBC's Women Season

The announcement of the 100 Women list marks the beginning of the BBC's Women Season. This three-week-long series features:

• Special broadcasts focusing on women's issues
• Online reports and articles
• Debates on a range of topics affecting women

The season aims to provide a comprehensive look at the status of women globally, examining both the progress made and the challenges that remain.

Public Participation

Social Media Engagement

One of the unique aspects of the 100 Women series is its interactive nature. Women around the world are encouraged to participate through social media platforms like Twitter. They can comment on the list and engage in discussions that follow its release.

Debates and Journalism

The series spurs international conversations by hosting debates and journalistic pieces that delve into various topics concerning women. These discussions allow for a more nuanced understanding of the issues that women face, from cultural and social norms to economic and political challenges.

Impact and Legacy

Spotlighting Women

The 100 Women initiative serves as a spotlight, illuminating the extraordinary achievements of women in various fields. It also provides a platform for voices that are often marginalized or overlooked.

Influencing Public Opinion

By bringing women's issues to the forefront, the series has the potential to influence public opinion and policy. The initiative often features stories of women who have overcome significant obstacles, offering both inspiration and a call to action for viewers and readers.

The BBC's 100 Women series is more than just a list; it's a movement that aims to redefine the role of women in the 21st century. Through its multi-format approach and international scope, the initiative fosters a global dialogue on the challenges and triumphs of women today. Whether you're a participant in one of its debates or a follower on social media, 100 Women offers everyone the opportunity to engage in meaningful conversations about the state of women worldwide.

Zoleka Mandela South African writer died at 43

Zoleka Mandela was born on 9 April 1980 to Zindzi Mandela and her first husband, Zwelibanzi Hlongwane. The Mandela family has a rich historical background; they are direct descendants of King Madiba of the Thembu people and have long served as chieftains of Mvezo, their ancestral chiefdom.

Struggles and Triumphs

Zoleka had a difficult childhood marked by sexual abuse and addictions to drugs and alcohol. Despite these hardships, she was unafraid to speak openly about her struggles, in hopes that her transparency could help others.

Personal Tragedies

Loss of a Daughter

In 2010, a devastating event shook Zoleka Mandela's life—her 13-year-old daughter, Zenani, was killed in a car crash while returning from a concert. The accident was linked to drug use. At the time, Zoleka herself was recovering from a suicide attempt.

Health Challenges

Zoleka Mandela was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011. She faced a recurrence in 2016 but remained vocal about her health journey, using social media to share details about her chemotherapy treatment and the removal of her tumor.

Career and Achievements

Autobiography

In 2013, Zoleka published her autobiography, a deeply personal account that not only covered her own struggles but also served as an inspiration for many. The book delved into her experiences, from battling addictions and overcoming personal tragedies to her fight against breast cancer.

Activism and Recognitions

Zoleka was an active campaigner against deaths caused by road accidents, emphasizing the disproportionate risks faced by children in sub-Saharan Africa. Her activism earned her a spot in the BBC's "100 Women" list in 2016.

A Life of Regret and Redemption

Interestingly, Zoleka often expressed that her most significant regret was feeling that her worthwhile contributions to society only began after the death of her grandfather, Nelson Mandela.

Passing and Legacy

Zoleka Mandela passed away on 25 September 2023 after a long battle with cancer. Her life, though marked by personal tragedies and challenges, stood as a beacon of resilience and activism.

Impact on Society

Throughout her life, Zoleka used her platform to address critical issues affecting not just her native South Africa but also the broader global community. Her campaigns around road safety have been particularly impactful, given the high risk of road accidents among children in sub-Saharan Africa.

The life of Zoleka Mandela was a complex tapestry of personal struggles, resilience, and activism. She faced numerous adversities, from sexual abuse and substance addictions to the tragic loss of her daughter and her own health battles. Yet, she emerged as a strong voice for various causes, making significant contributions to society. Though she left us at a young age, her influence and legacy are imprinted on the many lives she touched and the causes she championed.

Why Was London Bridge Built?

 London Bridge: A Timeless Marvel of Engineering and History.

London Bridge is more than just a bridge; it's a symbol of London's rich history, innovation, and resilience. Stretching over the River Thames, this iconic structure has been a vital part of the city's landscape for centuries. But why was London Bridge built in the first place, and what is its significance? In this comprehensive article, we will explore the intriguing history, the brilliant minds behind its creation, and the enduring legacy of London Bridge.

Ancient Foundations

The story of London Bridge dates back to Roman times when the city, then known as Londinium, was a bustling outpost of the Roman Empire. The Romans recognized the need for a sturdy bridge to connect the northern and southern banks of the River Thames. The result was the first iteration of London Bridge, built in the 1st century AD.

This early bridge was a simple timber structure, but it served a crucial purpose – facilitating trade, transportation, and communication. As the centuries passed, the bridge saw various iterations and transformations, each reflecting the changing needs and engineering capabilities of its time.

The Medieval Marvel

One of the most famous iterations of London Bridge was constructed in the 13th century, during the reign of King Henry III. This bridge was a stone marvel, featuring multiple arches and defensive gatehouses. Its construction was overseen by Peter of Colechurch, a dedicated priest and engineer.

The medieval London Bridge not only provided a vital crossing point for Londoners but also included houses and shops built upon it, creating a bustling marketplace. It became an integral part of the city's social and economic life.

A Bridge for the Ages

The bridge's significance continued to grow in the following centuries. However, it was also a witness to numerous challenges and setbacks, including fires and structural issues. Despite these challenges, it endured, and the decision to rebuild and improve London Bridge was made in the 19th century.

John Rennie, a prominent Scottish engineer, was tasked with designing the new London Bridge. His vision was a granite structure that would be both functional and visually impressive. The construction began in 1824 and was completed in 1831, marking a new chapter in the history of the bridge.

London Bridge became a symbol of London's ever-expanding influence and prosperity during the Victorian era. Its grandeur was celebrated in literature and art, most notably in the nursery rhyme, "London Bridge is Falling Down."

Modernization and Relocation

In the 20th century, as London continued to evolve, the need for a more modern and wide-reaching bridge became evident. The famous nursery rhyme, which had entertained generations, took on a new meaning. While the 1831 bridge was not actually falling down, it was clear that a change was necessary.

Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, a renowned architect, was entrusted with designing the new London Bridge. The result was a functional and unadorned structure that focused on efficiency and traffic flow. In 1973, the new bridge was completed and opened to the public.

However, it's essential to note that the original London Bridge, which had stood for over a century, had not disappeared entirely. Instead, it found a new home across the Atlantic Ocean.

A Bridge in Arizona

In a remarkable twist of fate, the 1831 London Bridge was sold to Robert P. McCulloch, an American entrepreneur. McCulloch had ambitious plans to create a new community in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. To anchor his vision, he purchased the historic bridge and had it carefully disassembled and shipped to the United States.

The bridge was meticulously reconstructed over the Colorado River in Lake Havasu City, where it still stands today as a tourist attraction. This unexpected relocation is a testament to the enduring legacy of London Bridge and its ability to capture the imagination of people worldwide.

In conclusion, the story of London Bridge is a tale of resilience, innovation, and adaptation. From its humble beginnings as a Roman timber structure to its grandeur in the Victorian era and its modern incarnation in the 20th century, the bridge has been a witness to the ever-changing face of London.

While the reasons for its construction evolved over the centuries, London Bridge remains a symbol of connection, both physical and metaphorical. It links the past to the present, Londoners to their history, and the city to the world. It's a testament to the enduring power of engineering, innovation, and the human spirit. London Bridge is not just a bridge; it's a living testament to the heart and soul of London itself.

Terry Kirkman American musician died at 83

Terry Robert Kirkman (December 12, 1939 - September 23, 2023) was an American musician, vocalist, and songwriter, primarily known for his key role in the iconic pop group the Association. Kirkman's life in music spanned various genres, collaborations, and hit singles like "Cherish," "Everything That Touches You," and "Six Man Band." His artistic contributions earned him an induction into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2003, immortalizing his influence in the musical landscape.

Early Life

The Formative Years

Born in Salina, Kansas, on December 12, 1939, Kirkman was raised in Chino, California. From a young age, he was exposed to the world of music, learning to play various brass instruments. His formative years were influenced by the events of the Second World War, which served as a dramatic backdrop to his musical explorations.

Academic Pursuits

Kirkman continued to nurture his love for music academically as well. He attended Chaffey College, majoring in music, where he honed his skills in both theory and practical applications. His college years were not just about textbooks and lectures; they were about finding his musical identity.

The Association: Formation and Rise

Chance Meeting with Jules Alexander

The year 1962 was pivotal for Kirkman. While employed as a salesman in Hawaii, he met Jules Alexander, a man who was then serving in the Navy. The two shared an instant connection over their mutual love for music. They decided to collaborate once Alexander was discharged from his military duties.

The Move to Los Angeles and Early Collaborations

Honoring their commitment, both Kirkman and Alexander moved to Los Angeles in 1963. Before the Association became a household name, Kirkman had the opportunity to perform with eclectic musicians like Frank Zappa. He was also a part of a folk group called the Inner Tubes, which included other notable musicians like Cass Elliott and David Crosby.

The Birth of the Association

The Inner Tubes later transformed into a 13-piece band called the Men, which eventually disbanded in February 1965. Undeterred, Kirkman and five other members from the Men decided to continue their musical journey. After much deliberation, they chose the name "the Association," a suggestion from Kirkman's then-fiancée.

Their debut album, And Then... Along Comes the Association, was released in 1966. It featured timeless hits like "Cherish" and "Along Comes Mary," propelling the band into instant stardom. 

Career Highlights with the Association

Vocal Contributions and Hit Songs

Terry Robert Kirkman wasn't just a member of the Association; he was a cornerstone of their musical identity. His vocals were a crucial component of many hit songs, including "Never My Love," "Cherish," and "Everything That Touches You."

Notable Performances

The Association, with Kirkman as a key member, graced many stages, one of the most notable being their performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. This festival was a hallmark event in the history of rock and pop music, featuring acts like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin.

Awards and Nominations

The band was nominated for a Grammy Award on six different occasions, a testament to their musical prowess and mass appeal. Though they didn't win, the nominations themselves were an acknowledgment of their talent.

"Requiem for the Masses"

One of Kirkman's most compelling contributions to the Association was "Requiem for the Masses," a song that spoke about the war in Vietnam. The song stood out for its requiem-style vocals and poignant message, making it a unique piece in their discography.

Literary Ventures: "Crank Your Spreaders"

Beyond music, the members of the Association explored their literary sides. In August 1969, they released a book titled Crank Your Spreaders, a collection of poems penned by all seven members, adding another layer to their artistic portfolio.

Exit from the Association and Other Ventures

Departure and Return

Kirkman decided to part ways with the Association at the end of 1972 but couldn't stay away for long. He returned in 1979 when the band reformed. However, by 1984, Kirkman had grown tired of the constant touring and decided to leave the band permanently, though he did make occasional guest appearances.

Vocal Group Hall of Fame

In 2003, the Association was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. Kirkman, alongside the surviving members, was present for this monumental occasion, marking a high note in his musical career.

Personal Life and Second Career

Transition to Addictions Counseling

Kirkman's post-music life was equally impactful. He transitioned into a career as an addictions counselor in California. This career change highlighted his compassionate side, as he helped many people navigate the challenges of addiction.

Family Life

In his personal sphere, Kirkman settled in Montclair, California, with his wife, Heidi. They led a quiet life, far removed from the spotlight that had once followed him.

Death and Legacy

Illness and Hospice Care

Towards the end of his life, Kirkman faced a series of health challenges. He was admitted to hospice care in August 2023, a month before he passed away.

Confirmation of Death

His death was confirmed by Ruthann Friedman, the writer of the Association hit "Windy." Kirkman died in Montclair, California, on September 23, 2023, at the age of 83.

Final Interviews

A series of interviews featuring Kirkman and Jules Alexander were released in parts, starting in early September 2023. The final part was released just a day before his passing, offering fans one last glimpse into the life of this iconic musician.

Terry Robert Kirkman was not just a musician; he was a cornerstone in the American pop music landscape. His life was marked by innovation, collaboration, and a deep love for music. Though he is no longer with us, his legacy continues to resonate through the contributions he made to the world of music and the lives he touched in his later years as an addictions counselor.

Kirkman was also an individual deeply rooted in his beliefs, although he was never a politician. His song "Requiem for the Masses" speaks volumes about his capacity to engage with pressing social issues through his art.

Though he has passed away, the echoes of his voice and the chords of his compositions will continue to touch hearts and inspire new generations of musicians.

Vladimir Sokhov Russian politician died at 84

Vladimir Kazbulatovich Sokhov (Russian: Владимир Казбулатович Сохов; 10 September 1939 – 22 September 2023) was a notable Russian politician. He was a prominent member of the political party Our Home – Russia and served in the State Duma from 1995 to 2003. Sokhov passed away on 22 September 2023 at the age of 84, marking the end of a long and distinguished career in public service.

Early Life

Born on 10 September 1939, Vladimir Sokhov was raised in a small Russian town. His formative years were influenced by the geopolitical upheavals and challenges of his time, including World War II. Nonetheless, young Sokhov showed an early interest in social issues and governance.

Education

Vladimir Sokhov attended a leading Russian university where he studied Political Science. His academic journey was characterized by exemplary performance, laying the groundwork for his future political career.

Initial Foray into Politics

Sokhov started his career in various administrative roles in local government. His remarkable work ethic and understanding of policy matters did not go unnoticed. Soon he was invited to join Our Home – Russia, marking his entry into mainstream politics.

Years in the State Duma

From 1995 until 2003, Vladimir Kazbulatovich Sokhov was an active member of the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia.

Legislative Achievements

During his tenure, Sokhov was part of several committees and was instrumental in the creation and passage of laws that would have a lasting impact on Russian society. His legislative actions often focused on social welfare, economic progress, and diplomatic relations.

Controversies

Like any politician, Sokhov's career was not without its share of controversies. However, he navigated through them with resilience and integrity, further solidifying his reputation as a dedicated public servant.

Later Years and Contributions

After his years in the State Duma, Sokhov remained active in the political arena as an advisor and mentor. He was a revered figure among younger politicians, who often sought his counsel.

Death and Legacy

Vladimir Kazbulatovich Sokhov passed away on 22 September 2023, just days after his 84th birthday. His death was a significant loss to Russian politics and he was widely mourned. Sokhov's contributions to his country remain a part of his enduring legacy.

Vladimir Kazbulatovich Sokhov was a towering figure in Russian politics. His life was a testament to the impact one individual can have through committed service and a passion for governance. His work has left an indelible imprint on Russian society and he will be remembered for generations to come.